Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2023 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
A statistical shape model (SSM) based analysis was conducted in our study. We indicated the morphological differences of the first trapezoid-metacarpal (TMC) bone between the region-based statistical shape model (rSSM) and the nonregion-based statistical shape model (nrSSM). We aimed to characterize more specific and accurate variation results to detect and prevent osteoarthritis in an early way. CT image data of TMC from 31 healthy volunteers were simulated with 3D models. A training set of models was analyzed with principal component analysis, with both then- rSSM and rSSM. The region was identified automatically with Gaussian curvature analysis. We found four dominant shape variations from both nrSSM and rSSM. The rSSM showed more variations with fewer components compared with nrSSM. The first principal component revealed the size variation as the biggest component. A significant difference was presented in the second and the fourth principal component from rSSM, showing the torsion of the distal head of the first metacarpal which may increase the risk of osteoarthritis....
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) feature a high-power density, long-term cycling stability, and good energy storage performance, and so, LICs will be widely applied in new energy, new infrastructure, intelligent manufacturing. and other fields. To further enhance the comprehensive performance of LICs, the exploration of new material systems has become a focus of research. Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are promising candidates in the field of energy storage due to the properties of their outstanding electrical conductivity, large external surface area, and nanoscopic dimensions. Herein, the structure, composition, and electrochemical properties of carbon nano-onion-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (Ni@CNOs) have been characterized first in the present study. The initial discharge and charge capacities of Ni@CNOs as anodes (in half-cells (vs. Li)) were 869 and 481 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, respectively. Even at a current density of 10 A g−1, the reversible specific capacity remained at 111 mAh g−1. Ni@CNOs were used as anode materials to assemble LICs (full pouch cells (vs. activated carbon)), which exhibited compelling electrochemical performance and cycle stability after optimizing the mass ratio of the positive and negative electrodes. The energy density of the LICs reached 140.1 Wh kg−1 at 280.2Wkg−1 and even maintained 76.6 Wh kg−1 at 27.36 kW kg−1. The LICs also demonstrated excellent cycling stability with a 94.09% capacitance retention over 40,000 cycles. Thus, this work provides an effective solution for the ultra-rapid fabrication of Nicored carbon nano-onion materials to achieve high-performance LICs....
This study aims to investigate the blood flow in bionic artificial blood vessels and to reduce the resistance to blood flow, the drag reduction characteristics of V-shaped groove drag reduction microstructures in artificial blood vessel structures were investigated in depth. By varying the parameters of incoming flow velocity, groove width, and groove depth, the effect of various variable conditions on the drag reduction effect of the grooves was investigated, and the flow field characteristics and drag reduction effect of the V-shaped groove microstructure in the artificial blood vessel were obtained. A detailed analysis of the effect of velocity and groove size on the drag reduction effect of the groove was also carried out to demonstrate the drag reduction mechanism of the V-shaped groove microstructure and to summarize the variation law of the drag reduction rate of the V-shaped groove. The results show that the resistance reduction rate of the V-shaped groove microstructure decreases with the increase of blood flow velocity, increases with the increase of groove width, and increases and then decreases with the increase of groove depth. The velocity range used in this paper is 0.3–0.6 m/s, the groove width varies from 0 to 0.3 mm, and the groove depth varies from 0 to 0.3 mm....
Electrodes are used in vivo for chemical sensing, electrophysiological recording, and stimulation of tissue. The electrode configuration used in vivo is often optimised for a specific anatomy and biological or clinical outcomes, not electrochemical performance. Electrode materials and geometries are constrained by biostability and biocompatibility issues and may be required to function clinically for decades. We performed benchtop electrochemistry, with changes in reference electrode, smaller counter-electrode sizes, and three- or two-electrode configurations. We detail the effects different electrode configurations have on typical electroanalytical techniques used on implanted electrodes. Changes in reference electrode required correction by application of an offset potential. In a two-electrode configuration with similar working and reference/counter-electrode sizes, the electrochemical response was dictated by the rate-limiting charge transfer step at either electrode. This could invalidate calibration curves, standard analytical methods, and equations, and prevent use of commercial simulation software. We provide methods for determining if an electrode configuration is affecting the in vivo electrochemical response. We recommend sufficient details be provided in experimental sections on electronics, electrode configuration, and their calibration to justify results and discussion. In conclusion, the experimental limitations of performing in vivo electrochemistry may dictate what types of measurements and analyses are possible, such as obtaining relative rather than absolute measurements....
In today’s world, the applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials are attracting interest in a wide variety of study domains because of their appealing qualities. The use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in biodiesel processing and manufacturing is a focus of research globally. For accelerating the progress and development of biodiesel production, more focus is being given to the application of advanced nanotechnology for maximum yield in low cost. Hence, this paper will discuss the utilization of numerous nanomaterials/nanocatalysts for biodiesel synthesis from multiple feedstocks. This study will also focus on nanomaterials’ applications in algae cultivation and lipid extraction. Furthermore, the current study will comprehensively overview the nanoadditives blended biodiesel in diesel engines and the significant challenges and future opportunities. Moreover, this paper will also focus on human and environmental safety concerns of nanotechnology-based large-scale biodiesel production. Hence, this review will provide perception for future manufacturers, researchers, and academicians into the extent of research in nanotechnology and nanomaterials assisted biodiesel production and its efficiency enhancement....
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